The National Research Institute of Animal Production was founded on 1 April 1950. As one of the largest scientific institutions with nationwide coverage, it implements the policy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in the field of livestock production and farm environment management. The Institute has held the status of a National Research Institute since 23 November 2006.

 The Institute was awarded the highest scientific category, A+ (leading level), for the years 2022–2025 in the discipline of animal husbandry and fisheries.

For over seven decades, the Institute has been guiding the development of livestock production in Poland. It promotes animal welfare, environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and the protection of endangered farm animal breeds. The Institute’s research programme is carried out in 10 scientific departments engaged in research, implementation, dissemination, and training activities.